The Congo Research Briefs are a joint publication of the Conflict Research Group (CRG) at Ghent
University, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC), the Study Group on Conflicts and Human Security (GEC-SH) at the Centre de recherches universitaires du Kivu (CERUKI), and the Governance-in-Conflict Network (GiC). These briefs provide concise and timely summaries of ongoing research on the DRC that is being undertaken by CRG, SSRC, GEC-SH, GiC, and their partners.

We would like to thank Kasper Hoffmann and the reviewers for their very helpful comments on
earlier drafts. We also thank Action pour la Paix et la Concorde (APC) and the Securing Tenure
Sustainable Peace (SecTenSusPeace) project of the Transformations to Sustainability (T2S) Program of ISDR-Bukavu for their collaboration in the production of the data analyzed here.

This research note is part of the publications produced by the Conflict Research Program implemented by the London School of Economics (LSE) in collaboration with Ghent University.