Frontiers in Social Science features new research in the flagship journals of the Social Science Research Council’s founding disciplinary associations. Every month we publish a new selection of articles from the most recent issues of these journals, marking the rapid advance of the frontiers of social and behavioral science.

Obesity signals wealth in low-income contexts

In a randomized experiment, loan officers in Uganda with little information about applicants’ financial assets used applicant obesity as a signal of wealth.

Author(s)
Elisa Macchi
Journal
American Economic Review
Citation
Elisa Macchi. "Worth Your Weight: Experimental Evidence on the Benefits of Obesity in Low-Income Countries." American Economic Review 113, no. 9 (2023): 2287-2322. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20211879 Copy
Abstract

I study the economic value of obesity—a status symbol in poor countries associated with raised health risks. Randomizing decision-makers in Kampala, Uganda to view weight-manipulated portraits, I find that obesity is perceived as a reliable signal of wealth but not of beauty or health. Thus, leveraging a real-stakes experiment involving professional loan officers, I show that being obese facilitates access to credit. The large obesity premium, comparable to raising borrower self-reported earnings by over 60 percent, is driven by asymmetric information and drops significantly when providing more financial information. Notably, obesity benefits and wealth-signaling value are commonly overestimated, suggesting market distortions.

Autocrats reduce state violence during international sporting events

Daily data on disappearances and killings in 1978 Argentina reveal that the World Cup host strategically reduced state violence during the tournament.

Author(s)
Adam Scharpf, Christian Gläßel, and Pearce Edwards
Journal
American Political Science Review
Citation
Scharpf, Adam, Christian Gläßel, and Pearce Edwards. “International Sports Events and Repression in Autocracies: Evidence from the 1978 FIFA World Cup.” American Political Science Review 117, no. 3 (2023): 909–26. doi:10.1017/S0003055422000958. Copy
Abstract

How do international sports events shape repression in authoritarian host countries? International tournaments promise unique gains in political prestige through global media attention. However, autocrats must fear that foreign journalists will unmask their wrongdoings. We argue that autocracies solve this dilemma by strategically adjusting repression according to the spatial-temporal presence of international media. Using original, highly disaggregated data on the 1978 World Cup, we demonstrate that the Argentine host government largely refrained from repression during the tournament but preemptively cleared the streets beforehand. These adjustments specifically occurred around hotels reserved for foreign journalists. Additional tests demonstrate that (1) before the tournament, repression turned increasingly covert, (2) during the tournament, targeting patterns mirrored the working shifts of foreign journalists, (3) after the tournament, regime violence again spiked in locations where international media had been present. Together, the article highlights the human costs of megaevents, contradicting the common whitewashing rhetoric of functionaries.

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