Broadly, this research project seeks to inquire historically into the violence, which has recurrently been unfolding in the Rwenzori borderlands, at least since the second half of the nineteenth century. More specific, the project looks to cast a historical light onto the contemporary Rwenzori borderlands (Ugandan and Congolese), in a bid to illuminate the ways in which the meanings and articulations of the notion of 'border' have historically informed the unfolding violence there. Relatedly, the project will examine how this unfolding of violence has shaped the agency of Rwenzori borderlanders as political subjects. To this end, therefore, this research project seeks to privilege a social-historical inquiry into the 'political' in the unfolding of violence in Rwenzori borderlands across different historical epochs (before and during Western hegemony) and spaces (both sides of the Rwenzori mountain ranges).