This project examines how technological innovations have been managed in the U.S. and Japan from an empirical view-point. The project defines a technological innovation as a "continuously value-adding information exchange process ." By doing so, a new way of looking at innovations will be developed. The similarities and differences of the way how innovations have been originated and managed in the two nations will be investigated, based on econo-socio-behavioral data. Implications for science, as well as foreign and economic policies appropriate for each nation will also be examined, hoping the mitigation of cultural and economic conflicts between the two countries.