This study aims to study American grassroots movements for the elderly which are now rather well developed. By comparing this data with similar data I have collected in Japan, I will attempt to establish the following two points: 1: To deduce common principles applicable to both cultures for organizing social environments supportive of independence among senior citizens. 2. To investigate American elderly's attitude toward "independence". By comparing these attitude with those of the Japanese, I will surmise the prospects for the further development of these types of voluntary movements in Japan.