This project brings together large-scale quantitative databases on network organization in Japan and the United States with field research in Japan in order to address the following questions: Do national variations in network structure exist between the U.S. and Japan and why? How do these structures vary across industries (e.g., high tech versus heavy industry) and types of relationships (e.g., bank capital versus personnel connections)? How have these relationships evolved over time in the two countries? And what are the consequences of variations in network structure, both for individual actors (e.g., companies and their workers) and for overall performance of the Japanese and American economies?